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- Insects, Vol. 3, Pages 1039-1055: Nuclear Immunolocalization of Hexamerins in the Fat Body of Metamorphosing Honey Bees
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 13621-13666: Tanshinones: Sources, Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Cancer Activities
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12460-12468: A Sub-Pathway Based Method to Identify Candidate Agents for Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Religions, Vol. 3, Pages 983-992: Comparative Theology as Liberal and Confessional Theology
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12449-12459: Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotective Effect of the Schiff Base Ligand 1H-Indole-3-ethylene-5-nitrosalicylaldimine and Its Nickel (II) Complex on Ethanol Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats
- Education Sciences, Vol. 2, Pages 165-179: History and Super Diversity
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12427-12448: Synthesis, FTIR, 13C-NMR and Temperature-Dependent 1H‑NMR Characteristics of Bis-naphthalimide Derivatives
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12406-12426: The Effect of Curcumin on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter: A Predictive Analysis
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12393-12405: trans-Resveratrol in Nutraceuticals: Issues in Retail Quality and Effectiveness
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12378-12392: Synthesis of a Cholesteryl-HEG Phosphoramidite Derivative and Its Application to Lipid-conjugates of the Anti-HIV 5'TGGGAG3' Hotoda’s Sequence
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12365-12377: Phenylmethimazole Blocks dsRNA-Induced IRF3 Nuclear Translocation and Homodimerization
- Laws, Vol. 1, Pages 64-68: The State of Contracts Scholarship in the United States
- FIFA 13 holds off new challenger, bosses UK chart for fourth consecutive week
- MacX Video Converter Pro 3.5.7 - Convert and share videos.. (Shareware)
- MacX DVD Ripper Pro 3.9.12 - Copy DVDs to digital, single file format.. (Shareware)
- MacX YouTube Downloader 3.0.5 - Download YouTube videos.. (Free)
- Should I Sleep 1.0.3 - Prevents display sleep.. (Free)
- Molecules, Vol. 17, Pages 12357-12364: Two New Cholic Acid Derivatives from the Marine Ascidian-Associated Bacterium Hasllibacter halocynthiae
- Membranes, Vol. 2, Pages 727-763: Investigation of Cross-Linked and Additive Containing Polymer Materials for Membranes with Improved Performance in Pervaporation and Gas Separation
- Materials, Vol. 5, Pages 1954-1971: Recent Advances in the Photorefraction of Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Hexamerins are storage proteins with primordial functions in insect metamorphosis. They are actively secreted by the larval fat body and stored in the hemolymph. During metamorphosis, they return to the fat body to be processed. For decades, these proteins were thought to exclusively function as an amino acid source for tissue reconstruction during the non-feeding pupal and pharate adult stages and, in some species, for egg production. Recently, new findings have linked the hexamerins to caste polyphenism and gonad development in social insects. To explore the roles of hexamerins during the honey bee metamorphosis, we used specific antibodies in expression analysis by western blot, in situ immunolocalization by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and in vivo injections to lower their endogenous levels. Our expression analysis highlighted the changing expression patterns in the fat body and hemolymph during development, which is consistent with the temporal dynamics of hexamerin secretion, storage and depletion. Confocal microscopy showed hexamerin expression in the cytoplasm of both types of fat body cells, trophocytes and oenocytes. Notably, hexamerin foci were also found in the nuclei of these cells, thus confirming our western blot analysis of fat body nuclear-enriched fractions. We also observed that the decrease in soluble hexamerins in antibody-treated pharate adults led to a precocious adult ecdysis, perhaps in response to the lack (or decrease) in hexamerin-derived amino acids. Taken together, these findings indicate that hexamerins have other functions in addition to their well-established role as amino acid sources for development. |
| IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 13621-13666: Tanshinones: Sources, Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Cancer Activities Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Tanshinones are a class of abietane diterpene compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen or Tanshen in Chinese), a well-known herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Since they were first identified in the 1930s, more than 40 lipophilic tanshinones and structurally related compounds have been isolated from Danshen. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the isolation, identification, synthesis and pharmacology of tanshinones. In addition to the well-studied cardiovascular activities, tanshinones have been investigated more recently for their anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we update the herbal and alternative sources of tanshinones, and the pharmacokinetics of selected tanshinones. We discuss anti-cancer properties and identify critical issues for future research. Whereas previous studies have suggested anti-cancer potential of tanshinones affecting multiple cellular processes and molecular targets in cell culture models, data from in vivo potency assessment experiments in preclinical models vary greatly due to lack of uniformity of solvent vehicles and routes of administration. Chemical modifications and novel formulations had been made to address the poor oral bioavailability of tanshinones. So far, human clinical trials have been far from ideal in their design and execution for the purpose of supporting an anti-cancer indication of tanshinones. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT The need for new therapeutics for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is highlighted by the general lack of efficacy for most agents currently available for this disease. Many recent studies have detailed molecular pathways in AS, and several molecule-targeting agents are undergoing evaluation. We aimed to explore the mechanism of AS and identify biologically active small molecules capable of targeting the sub-pathways which were disregulated in the development of AS. By using the GSE25101 microarray data accessible from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we first identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AS samples and healthy controls, followed by the sub-pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs. In addition, we propose the use of an approach based on targeting sub-pathways to identify potential agents for AS. A total of 3,280 genes were identified as being significantly different between patients and controls with p-values < 0.1. Our study showed that neurotrophic signaling pathway and some immune-associated pathways may be involved in the development of AS. Besides, our bioinformatics analysis revealed a total of 15 small molecules which may play a role in perturbing the development of AS. Our study proposes the use of an approach based on targeting sub-pathways to identify potential agents for AS. Candidate agents identified by our approach may provide the groundwork for a combination therapy approach for AS. |
| Religions, Vol. 3, Pages 983-992: Comparative Theology as Liberal and Confessional Theology Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT For most European scholars, the scope of Comparative Theology is not very clear. They see big differences between the notion of Comparative Theology among its protagonists, e.g., between Keith Ward or Robert Neville and Francis Clooney or James Fredericks. That is why I will try to define a certain understanding of Comparative Theology which can be defended in accordance with strong European theological traditions. I want to show that Comparative Theology can be understood as one of the best fruits of liberal theology and of a Wittgensteinian interpretation of transcendental philosophy—and that it opens new perspectives for confessional theology. The current development of Islamic theology in Germany is especially challenging for Comparative Theology and the best opportunity to develop it into a project undertaken by scholars of different religions and different intellectual traditions. I will argue that Comparative Theology is not a new discipline within the old disciplines of theology, but that it can give new perspectives to all theological disciplines and thoroughly change their character. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT The present study was performed to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation reaction of tryptamine (an indole derivative) and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde (TNS) and its nickel (II) complex against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The compounds were orally administered with low (30 mg/kg) and high (60 mg/kg) doses to ulcer-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Macroscopically, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either cimetidine or TNS and its nickel (II) complex each resulted in significant protection against gastric mucosal injury. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with TNS and its nickel complex. Histological studies of the gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with either cimetidine or TNS and its nickel (II) compound, where there was marked gastric protection along with reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study done on mice with a higher dose of 5 g/kg of TNS and its nickel (II) complex did not manifest any toxicological signs. Research finding suggest that TNS and its nickel (II) complex could be considered as effective gastroprotective compounds. |
| Education Sciences, Vol. 2, Pages 165-179: History and Super Diversity Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT The article looks at the perspectives on history amongst adolescent children of different backgrounds living in inner-cities in England and builds on previous research in this area. The current article presents exploratory research which focuses on the views of particular groups of adolescents, namely those from long established settled immigrant communities; those from more recently arrived migrant and immigrant communities; and those from white indigenous communities. An inclusive, perspectival and dynamic approach towards history education is outlined and the underlying view of knowledge and implications for pedagogy of this approach discussed alongside comparisons with other approaches towards the subject. The exploratory work and analysis is used to generate a research agenda through which history for a super diverse society can be developed. Although the research was conducted in the English context, the issues it raises are pertinent elsewhere. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Chemotherapy is still the most important method of cancer treatment. To make this method more effective and safe, new drugs to destroy cancer cells are needed. Some bis-naphthalimide derivatives show potential anticancer activity via an intercalation mechanism. A higher degree of DNA intercalation corresponds to better therapeutic effects. The degree of intercalation of naphthalimides depends on their structure, molecular dynamics and intermolecular interactions with DNA. In order to apply any active substance as a drug, its molecular dynamics as well as possible interactions with target molecules have to be examined in exhaustive details. This paper describes a practical preparation of some novel bis-naphthalimide derivatives with different functional groups and their FTIR and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral characteristics. To determine the molecular dynamics of the obtained compounds the temperature, their 1H-NMR spectra were measured. It has been clearly proven in this paper that the unusual temperature-dependent 1H-NMR behavior of the aromatic protons of phthalimide derivatives, previously described in the literature as "hypersensitivity" and explained by n-π interactions and molecular motions of aromatic amide rings, is a result of temperature driven changes of the geometry of carbonyl groups. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated in humans with inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer. Studies had shown that curcumin could potentially inhibit these effects; however, there had been no in vivo or in vitro reports about the effects of curcumin on organisms exposed to PM2.5. This predictive study explored the possible biological functions and pathways involved in the mechanism of curcumin inhibition of the hazardous effects of PM2.5. For predictive analysis, microarray data were used to investigate the effect of PM2.5 on human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), and human target proteins of curcumin were retrieved from PubChem. Two protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were established based upon differential genes and target proteins, respectively, and the common network of these two networks was found. Functional and pathway analysis of the common network was performed using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software. The results suggested that the predictive effects of curcumin on HBEC exposed to PM2.5 were involved in bio-functions, including inflammatory response of airway, cancerogenesis, and apoptosis, and in pathways such as cancer, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, and NF-kappaB signaling. This study predicted for the first time that curcumin could be a potential therapeutic agent for protecting the human airway from the hazardous effects of PM2.5. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Fourteen brands of resveratrol-containing nutraceuticals were evaluated in order to verify their actual resveratrol content and to control if their health-promoting properties are related to manufacturing quality. Products included pure resveratrol capsules or multi-ingredient formulations with standardized amounts of resveratrol and other phytochemicals. Samples were analyzed for total trans-resveratrol, flavonoids, procyanidin, polyphenol content and the results were compared with the content declared on-label. Only five out of 14 brands had near label values, compliant with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) requirements (95–105% content of active constituent), four products were slightly out of this range (83–111%) and three were in the 8–64% range. Two samples were below the limit of detection. The greater the difference between actual and labeled resveratrol content, the lower was the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity strength. Dietary supplements containing pure trans-resveratrol exhibited a greater induction of differentiation towards human leukemic K562 cells when compared to multicomponent products. Great differences currently exist among resveratrol food supplements commercially available and GMP-grade quality should not be taken for granted. On the other side, dosages suggested by most "pure", "high-dosage" supplements may allow a supplementation level adequate to obtain some of the purported health benefits. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT A novel phosphoramidite derivative of cholesterol, with an ether-linked hexaethylene glycol (HEG) spacer arm, has been obtained through simple and reproducible solid phase modified oligonucleotide synthesis manipulations. This building block and the known phosphoramidite derivative of 3b-(2-hydroxyethoxy)cholesterol have been exploited in standard oligonucleotide synthesis protocols for the preparation of 5'- conjugates of the G-quadruplex-forming 5'TGGGAG3' oligomer, known as the Hotoda's sequence, to produce new potential anti-HIV agents. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Previous studies revealed that phenylmethimazole (C10) inhibits IRF3 signaling, preventing dsRNA-induction of type 1 interferon gene expression, production, and downstream signaling. In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis for C10 inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated IRF3 signaling. IRF-3 Trans-AM assays were used to measure C10 effects on dsRNA induction of IRF3 DNA binding. Green fluorescent protein-labeled IRF3 was used to measure C10 effects on dsRNA-induced IRF3 nuclear translocation. Native PAGE, SDS PAGE, and western blotting were used to identify effects of C10 on IRF3 homodimer formation and phosphorylation, respectively. There was a significant impairment of dsRNA-induced IRF3 DNA binding activity in human embryonic kidney and pancreatic cancer cells with C10 treatment. C10 also blocked dsRNA-induced IRF3 nuclear translocation and homodimer formation without blocking serine 396 phosphorylation of IRF3. Together, these results indicate that C10 interferes with IRF3 signaling by blocking dsRNA-induced IRF3 homodimer formation, a prerequisite for nuclear translocation and DNA binding activities. |
| Laws, Vol. 1, Pages 64-68: The State of Contracts Scholarship in the United States Posted: 18 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT This paper reports on the state of contracts scholarship in the United States, utilizing two methods of approximating where scholarship has focused since 2007 and where it is headed in the future. |
| FIFA 13 holds off new challenger, bosses UK chart for fourth consecutive week Posted: 22 Oct 2012 03:28 AM PDT Behold the mighty power of football. The latest UK software chart from official chart trackers Chart Track show FIFA 13 is still 'top of the league' for |
| MacX Video Converter Pro 3.5.7 - Convert and share videos.. (Shareware) Posted: 22 Oct 2012 03:27 AM PDT  MacX Video Converter Pro all-in-one video converter enables you to convert MKV,TS, M2TS, MTS, AVCHD, AVC, AVI, MPEG, MP4, H.264, MOV, FLV, F4V, RM, RMVB, WebM, Google TV, etc, to your Mac, iMovie, iTunes, iPhone, iPad, iPod, PSP, mobile phone, etc. With multi-track HD video supported, it can also convert videos to VOB files that can be burned to DVD. Works as a YouTube video downloader to download YouTube videos and convert them to any video format. Features:
Version 3.5.7:
Mac OS X 10.4 or later Download Now This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
| MacX DVD Ripper Pro 3.9.12 - Copy DVDs to digital, single file format.. (Shareware) Posted: 22 Oct 2012 03:16 AM PDT  MacX DVD Ripper Pro is an ultimate solution that allows you to copy DVDs to single video file with original video quality and audio. Rip DVD to video files in all sort of formats for playback on Mac, iPhone/iPhone 4S, iPad/iPad 2/iPad 3, iPod, Apple TV, Android, HTC, Samsung, XOOM, Galaxy Tab, PSP, etc. Version 3.9.12:
Mac OS X 10.4 or later Download Now This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
| MacX YouTube Downloader 3.0.5 - Download YouTube videos.. (Free) Posted: 22 Oct 2012 03:08 AM PDT  MacX YouTube Downloader is a totally free video downloader for you to download YouTube video with fast speed. It is specially designed for Mac users to download videos from YouTube for free. It supports free downloading YouTube videos of different resolution and format, no matter common YouTube videos or HD videos in 720P or even higher. It is unbeatable that this free video downloader is a perfect tool for online video enthusiasts to download videos and save them into personal collections. As it keeps the spirit of simplicity while adopt advanced technology to make the video downloading process easy and fast. You are no longer struggling with bad network connection and can take favorite videos with you on any portable device and watch them while on the move. Features:
Version 3.0.5:
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| Should I Sleep 1.0.3 - Prevents display sleep.. (Free) Posted: 22 Oct 2012 03:00 AM PDT  Should I Sleep will revolutionize the way your computer enters sleep mode to save energy. Instead of preventing sleep for a fixed amount of time, Should I Sleep uses a combination of unique heuristic sensors (such as face detection) to check if you are actually at the computer before it sleeps. Annoyed by the display getting dim when you're reading something? Tired of having to click somewhere to avoid it? Installed an app for that but always forget to activate it? What if the computer could "see and hear" you? HOW IT WORKS When the display is about to dim (due to keyboard and mouse inactivity), Should I Sleep will start its sensors. Camera, microphone all other software processing will stay on for only about 3 seconds. After that (and depending on your sensor preferences), sleep will be allowed or prevented. No need to touch any button.FACE DETECTION Give a life to your camera: Face Detection is the most effective sensor and works by capturing video from the camera just before the display is dimmed. If one or more faces are detected, sleep is prevented.CAMERA MOTION Sleep is prevented if a moving object is captured by the camera (such as waving, walking or even slightly moving your head). A perfect combination for the default Face Detection as it works even when you are not directly facing the camera.EXTERNAL DISPLAY Prevent sleep if an external display is plugged-in. A must-have for those who give presentations, speeches, demonstrations and/or trainings.SOUND ACTIVITY Prevent sleep If ambient sound is detected. Useful in workshops, brainstorming, meetings and conversations where the camera may not be in a favorable position.CUSTOMIZATION On the preferences screen you'll be able to adjust sensors sensitivity so that Should I Sleep can work more effectively on unusual environments (especially on very noisy or crowded places).MORE SENSORS Should I Sleep was developed with a modular, expandable approach. We believe that the best sleep prevention is done by analyzing as many environmental elements as possible. That's why we'll be actively adding more sensors in the near future. Feel free to send us your ideas.MANUAL MODE Well, we're not sure you'll need this. But just for the sake of completeness, we have also added the old-style timed sleep prevention. You just choose a predefined time period for the computer to be kept awake. This mode also prevents screensavers.DO I NEED IT? Having the display dimmed when we're focused on the computer is certainly annoying. Staying alert to "press any key" and prevent (or worse, fix) that, is disturbing and counterproductive. And that may happen during many activities, such as:
FEATURE SUMMARY
Should I Sleep is available for free download from the Mac App Store. It includes the Face Detection sensor and manual timer mode for free. Additional sensors can be purchased for an affordable price from within the application menu. Check the demonstration video on our home page. Version 1.0.3: Release notes were unavailable when this listing was updated. OS X 10.7.3 or later Download Now |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT The investigation of secondary metabolites in liquid cultures of a recently discovered marine bacterium, Hasllibacter halocynthiae strain KME 002T, led to the isolation of two new cholic acid derivatives. The structures of these compounds were determined to be 3,3,12-trihydroxy-7-ketocholanic acid (1) and 3,3,12-trihydroxy-7-deoxycholanic acid (2) through HRFABMS and NMR data analyses. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT Pervaporation and gas separation performances of polymer membranes can be improved by crosslinking or addition of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Crosslinked copolyimide membranes show higher plasticization resistance and no significant loss in selectivity compared to non-crosslinked membranes when exposed to mixtures of CO2/CH4 or toluene/cyclohexane. Covalently crosslinked membranes reveal better separation performances than ionically crosslinked systems. Covalent interlacing with 3-hydroxypropyldimethylmaleimide as photocrosslinker can be investigated in situ in solution as well as in films, using transient UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The photocrosslinking yield can be determined from the FTIR-spectra. It is restricted by the stiffness of the copolyimide backbone, which inhibits the photoreaction due to spatial separation of the crosslinker side chains. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) with MOFs as additives (fillers) have increased permeabilities and often also selectivities compared to the pure polymer. Incorporation of MOFs into polysulfone and Matrimid® polymers for MMMs gives defect-free membranes with performances similar to the best polymer membranes for gas mixtures, such as O2/N2 H2/CH4, CO2/CH4, H2/CO2, CH4/N2 and CO2/N2 (preferentially permeating gas is named first). The MOF porosity, its particle size and content in the MMM are factors to influence the permeability and the separation performance of the membranes. |
| Posted: 22 Oct 2012 12:00 AM PDT The recent advances in the photorefraction of doped lithium niobate crystals are reviewed. Materials have always been the main obstacle for commercial applications of photorefractive holographic storage. Though iron-doped LiNbO3 is the mainstay of holographic data storage efforts, several shortcomings, especially the low response speed, impede it from becoming a commercial recording medium. This paper reviews the photorefractive characteristics of different dopants, especially tetravalent ions, doped and co-doped LiNbO3 crystals, including Hf, Zr and Sn monodoped LiNbO3, Hf and Fe, Zr and Fe doubly doped LiNbO3, Zr, Fe and Mn, Zr, Cu and Ce triply doped LiNbO3, Ru doped LiNbO3, and V and Mo monodoped LiNbO3. Among them, Zr, Fe and Mn triply doped LiNbO3 shows excellent nonvolatile holographic storage properties, and V and Mo monodoped LiNbO3 has fast response and multi-wavelength storage characteristics. |
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