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- Nutrients, Vol. 3, Pages 897-909: Effect of Micronutrient and Probiotic Fortified Yogurt on Immune-Function of Anti-Retroviral Therapy Naive HIV Patients<br>
- Toxins, Vol. 3, Pages 1310-1331: Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in T-2 Toxin Studied Using Solution and Solid-State NMR
- IJERPH, Vol. 8, Pages 4039-4054: Farmer Health and Adaptive Capacity in the Face of Climate Change and Variability. Part 1: Health as a Contributor to Adaptive Capacity and as an Outcome from Pressures Coping with Climate Related Adversities
- IJMS, Vol. 12, Pages 7077-7099: Biomarkers in Tumor Angiogeneis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy
- IJMS, Vol. 12, Pages 7059-7076: Anti-UVC Irradiation and Metal Chelation Properties of 6-Benzoyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-chromen-2-one: An Implications for Anti-Cataract Agent
- Cancers, Vol. 3, Pages 3921-3956: Inducible Hsp70 in the Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival: Analysis of Chaperone Induction, Expression and Activity
- Pharmaceutics, Vol. 3, Pages 745-781: Antiretroviral Drug Interactions: Overview of Interactions Involving New and Investigational Agents and the Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Management
- Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots Gameplay Demo
- GameSpot Asia's Kinect Showcase Showdown
- Red 5 Studio sets up Asia branch
- On The Spot - Batman: Arkham City, Saint's Row the Third, KoF XIII
- Wallabies Rugby Challenge Review
- Grand Theft Auto III's Scandalous Australian History
- Mass Effect 3 demo landing January 2012
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 3, Pages 2243-2262: Monitoring Urban Tree Cover Using Object-Based Image Analysis and Public Domain Remotely Sensed Data
- Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 4, Pages 1355-1380: Stem Cell Therapy: A New Treatment for Burns?
- Nanomaterials, Vol. 1, Pages 64-78: Fabrication of Size-Tunable Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plasmid DNA as a Biomolecular Reactor
- Micromachines, Vol. 2, Pages 385-393: Modeling of the Response Time of Thermal Flow Sensors
- Membranes, Vol. 1, Pages 314-326: Self-Assembling Peptide Surfactants A6K and A6D Adopt a-Helical Structures Useful for Membrane Protein Stabilization
- Algorithms, Vol. 4, Pages 223-238: Applying Length-Dependent Stochastic Context-Free Grammars to RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Background: Micronutrient supplementation has been shown to reduce the progression of HIV but does not have an effect on the intestinal barrier or the intestinal microbiota of HIV patients. Studies have suggested that probiotics could potentially complement micronutrients in preserving the immune-function of HIV patients. Objective: Assess the impact of micronutrient supplemented probiotic yogurt on the immune function of HIV patients. Design: We performed a randomized, double blind, controlled trial with CD4 count as primary outcome among HIV patients naïve to anti-retroviral treatment. Secondary outcomes included hematological parameters, incidence of diarrhea and clinical symptoms. A total of 112 HIV patients were randomized to receive a micronutrient fortified yogurt with (n = 55) or without additional probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (n = 57) for four weeks. Results: An average decline in CD4 count of −70 cells/μL (95% CI: −154 to −15) was observed in the micronutrient, probiotic group versus a decrease of −63 cells/μL (95% CI: −157 to −30) in the micronutrient control group (p = 0.9). Additional probiotic supplementation was well tolerated and not associated with adverse events. No difference between groups was detected in incidence of diarrhea or clinical symptoms. An improvement of hemoglobin levels was observed for all subjects, based upon a mean difference from baseline of 1.4 g/L (SD = 6) (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The addition of probiotics to a micronutrient fortified yogurt was well tolerated by HIV patients but was not associated with a further increase in CD4 count after one month. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT The structure of T-2 toxin in the solid-state is limited to X-ray crystallographic studies, which lack sufficient resolution to provide direct evidence for hydrogen-bonding interactions. Furthermore, its solution-structure, despite extensive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies, has provided little insight into its hydrogen-bonding behavior, thus far. Hydrogen-bonding interactions are often an important part of biological activity. In order to study these interactions, the structure of T-2 toxin was compared in both the solution- and solid-state using NMR Spectroscopy. It was determined that the solution- and solid-state structure differ dramatically, as indicated by differences in their carbon chemical shifts, these observations are further supported by solution proton spectral parameters and exchange behavior. The slow chemical exchange process and cross-relaxation dynamics with water observed between the hydroxyl hydrogen on C-3 and water supports the existence of a preferential hydrogen bonding interaction on the opposite side of the molecule from the epoxide ring, which is known to be essential for trichothecene toxicity. This result implies that these hydrogen-bonding interactions could play an important role in the biological function of T-2 toxin and posits towards a possible interaction for the trichothecene class of toxins and the ribosome. These findings clearly illustrate the importance of utilizing solid-state NMR for the study of biological compounds, and suggest that a more detailed study of this whole class of toxins, namely trichothecenes, should be pursued using this methodology. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT This paper examines the role farmers' health plays as an element of adaptive capacity. The study examines which of twenty aspects of adaptation may be related to overall health outcomes, controlling for demographic and on-farm-factors in health problems. The analysis is based on 3,993 farmers' responses to a national survey of climate risk and adaptation. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was used examine the extent to which, in a multivariate analysis, the use of adaptive practices was predictively associated with self-assessed health, taking into account the farmer's rating of whether their health was a barrier to undertaking farm work. We present two models, one excluding pre-existing health (model 1) and one including pre-existing health (model 2). The first model accounted for 21% of the variance. In this model better health was most strongly predicted by an absence of on-farm risk, greater financial viability, greater debt pressures, younger age and a desire to continue farming. Social capital (trust and reciprocity) was moderately associated with health as was the intention to adopt more sustainable practices. The second model (including the farmers' health as a barrier to undertaking farm work) accounted for 43% of the variance. Better health outcomes were most strongly explained, in order of magnitude, by the absence of pre-existing health problems, greater access to social support, greater financial viability, greater debt pressures, a desire to continue farming and the condition of on-farm resources. Model 2 was a more parsimonious model (only nine predictors, compared with 15 in model 1), and explained twice as much variance in health outcomes. These results suggest that (i) pre-existing health problems are a very important factor to consider when designing adaptation programs and policies and (ii) these problems may mediate or modify the relationship between adaptation and health. |
| IJMS, Vol. 12, Pages 7077-7099: Biomarkers in Tumor Angiogeneis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Tumor angiogenesis has been identified to play a critical role in tumor growth and tumor progression, and is regulated by a balance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic cytokines. Among them VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its signaling through its receptors are of crucial relevance. Inhibition of VEGF signaling by monoclonal antibodies or small molecules (kinase inhibitors) has already been successfully established for the treatment of different cancer entities and multiple new drugs are being tested in clinical trials. However not all patients are likely to respond to these therapies, but to date there are no reliable biomarkers available to predict therapy response. Many studies integrated biomarker programs in their study protocols, thus several potential biomarkers have been identified which are currently under clinical investigation in prospective randomized studies. This review intends to give an overview of the described potential biomarkers as well as different imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging that can indicate benefit, resistance and toxicity to anti-angiogenic therapies. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Coumarin derivative 1, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(3-methyl-1-butyryl)-4-phenyl-chromen-2-one, has been reported to possess radical scavenging activity and DNA protection. We have synthesized a series of coumarins with structural modifications at positions C4, C5, C6 and C7 and evaluated them for their anti-UVC properties. Coumarin 7, 6-benzoyl-5,6-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-chromen-2-one, was found to have the most potent activity in protecting porcine γ-crystallin against UVC insults. Results of fluorescence assays indicated that compound 7 was capable of decreasing the loss of intensity while lens crystallins and DNA PUC19 were irradiated with UVC. Presence of compound 7 decreased hydroxyl radical levels determined by probe 1b and the free iron concentrations determined by Ferrozine reagent. The chelation assay showed that compound 7 was chelated to metal via 6-CO and 5-OH on the benzopyrone ring. The observed protective effects of compound 7 towards crystallins from insults of UVC and free radicals may be due to its iron-chelating activity and its peak absorption at 254 nm. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Understanding the mechanisms that control stress is central to realize how cells respond to environmental and physiological insults. All the more important is to reveal how tumour cells withstand their harsher growth conditions and cope with drug-induced apoptosis, since resistance to chemotherapy is the foremost complication when curing cancer. Intensive research on tumour biology over the past number of years has provided significant insights into the molecular events that occur during oncogenesis, and resistance to anti-cancer drugs has been shown to often rely on stress response and expression of inducible heat shock proteins (HSPs). However, with respect to the mechanisms guarding cancer cells against proteotoxic stresses and the modulatory effects that allow their survival, much remains to be defined. Heat shock proteins are molecules responsible for folding newly synthesized polypeptides under physiological conditions and misfolded proteins under stress, but their role in maintaining the transformed phenotype often goes beyond their conventional chaperone activity. Expression of inducible HSPs is known to correlate with limited sensitivity to apoptosis induced by diverse cytotoxic agents and dismal prognosis of several tumour types, however whether cancer cells survive because of the constitutive expression of heat shock proteins or the ability to induce them when adapting to the hostile microenvironment remains to be elucidated. Clear is that tumours appear nowadays more "addicted" to heat shock proteins than previously envisaged, and targeting HSPs represents a powerful approach and a future challenge for sensitizing tumours to therapy. This review will focus on the anti-apoptotic role of heat shock 70kDa protein (Hsp70), and how regulatory factors that control inducible Hsp70 synthesis, expression and activity may be relevant for response to stress and survival of cancer cells. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Antiretrovirals are prone to drug-drug and drug-food interactions that can result in subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic concentrations. Interactions between antiretrovirals and medications for other diseases are common due to shared metabolism through cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and transport by membrane proteins (e.g., p-glycoprotein, organic anion-transporting polypeptide). The clinical significance of antiretroviral drug interactions is reviewed, with a focus on new and investigational agents. An overview of the mechanistic basis for drug interactions and the effect of individual antiretrovirals on CYP450 and UGT isoforms are provided. Interactions between antiretrovirals and medications for other co-morbidities are summarized. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the detection and management of antiretroviral drug interactions is also briefly discussed. |
| Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots Gameplay Demo Posted: 21 Oct 2011 01:01 AM PDT Randolph Ramsay shows of all the features of Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots in this gameplay demo!
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots Gameplay Demo" was posted by edmondt on Fri, 21 Oct 2011 01:01:29 -0700 |
| GameSpot Asia's Kinect Showcase Showdown Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:07 AM PDT GameSpot Asia's Jonathan Toyad takes on CNET Asia's Jacqueline Seng in a series of challenges in Microsoft's upcoming Kinect titles!
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "GameSpot Asia's Kinect Showcase Showdown" was posted by edmondt on Fri, 21 Oct 2011 00:07:21 -0700 |
| Red 5 Studio sets up Asia branch Posted: 20 Oct 2011 11:04 PM PDT Asian offshoot of ex-Blizzard members' studio opens in Singapore; funded by Chinese game operator The9.
 PC gamers may recall a California-based developer named Red 5 Studio, which was started up by former employees of Blizzard Entertainment. Gamers may also recall that a team-based free-to-play FPS called Firefall is in the works from the company. Chinese game developer and operating company The9, which acquired majority shares of the studio in 2010, recently announced that they have established a new Asian branch for the developer. The new offshoot will be based in Singapore and will handle Firefall game operations and R&D activity for the region, according to Tony Park, vice president of Red 5 Singapore. The studio will also develop localized versions of the upcoming shooter. Zhu Jun, the CEO of The9 Limited and Red 5 Singapore, said that the company decided to set up shop specifically in Singapore because of the country's location, strong support from the government, and the latest technology in game development. Another reason was because games in the shooter genre took up 17 percent of the global market based on recent statistic the company formulated, with sports being the highest at 31 percent. Red 5 Singapore is also currently recruiting game designers and artists. The game will be officially out for the public to download this December. For more information, check out the recent videos on GameSpot.
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Red 5 Studio sets up Asia branch" was posted by Jonathan Leo Toyad on Thu, 20 Oct 2011 23:04:56 -0700 |
| On The Spot - Batman: Arkham City, Saint's Row the Third, KoF XIII Posted: 20 Oct 2011 10:42 PM PDT We've got game demos of Batman: Arkham City, Saint's Row the Third, Stronghold 3, King of Fighters XIII and more!
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "On The Spot - Batman: Arkham City, Saint's Row the Third, KoF XIII" was posted by DanM on Thu, 20 Oct 2011 22:42:05 -0700 |
| Wallabies Rugby Challenge Review Posted: 20 Oct 2011 10:11 PM PDT Inconsistent presentation and licensing issues trip up Wallabies Rugby Challenge's run for the try line, but enjoyable gameplay and a wealth of modes give it a decent chance at life beyond the World Cup.
Score: 6.5 / fair Get the full article at GameSpot "Wallabies Rugby Challenge Review" was posted by Dan Chiappini on Thu, 20 Oct 2011 22:11:30 -0700 |
| Grand Theft Auto III's Scandalous Australian History Posted: 20 Oct 2011 08:10 PM PDT GameSpot AU's Laura Parker gives you on a brief rundown of Grand Theft Auto III's history of bans and censorship in the land down under!
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Grand Theft Auto III's Scandalous Australian History" was posted by edmondt on Thu, 20 Oct 2011 20:10:30 -0700 |
| Mass Effect 3 demo landing January 2012 Posted: 20 Oct 2011 08:00 PM PDT BioWare announces pre-release demo of an upcoming sci-fi role-playing shooter; both single player and multiplayer included; early access with Battlefield 3 Online Pass. After suffering a delay last year, BioWare's Mass Effect 3 received an official release date during EA's press briefing at this year's Electronic Entertainment Expo in June, where the publisher announced that the role-playing sequel would arrive on PCs, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 on March 6, 2012.
Now, BioWare has announced a pre-release demo for the game in January 2012 via a post on the Bioware Social Network forums. According to the announcement, the demo will include both single-player and multiplayer sections, and will be released in all regions where the game is being released. BioWare also announced that players who purchased a copy of EA's upcoming Battlefield 3 on any platform, and who activate the Online Pass for the game, will automatically be granted early access to the multiplayer part of the Mass Effect 3 demo. A tool posted on www.masseffect.com will allow players to check if their EA account has been granted early access. The exact date of the launch of the Mass Effect 3 demo will be announced in late November this year. The length of the early-access period is still to be determined. The single-player section of the demo will be available to all players on the first day of the demo's launch. However, BioWare also hinted that there will be another way in which players will be able to unlock early access to the demo, but that this will not be revealed until late November/early December. Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Mass Effect 3 demo landing January 2012" was posted by Laura Parker on Thu, 20 Oct 2011 20:00:59 -0700 |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Urban forest ecosystems provide a range of social and ecological services, but due to the heterogeneity of these canopies their spatial extent is difficult to quantify and monitor. Traditional per-pixel classification methods have been used to map urban canopies, however, such techniques are not generally appropriate for assessing these highly variable landscapes. Landsat imagery has historically been used for per-pixel driven land use/land cover (LULC) classifications, but the spatial resolution limits our ability to map small urban features. In such cases, hyperspatial resolution imagery such as aerial or satellite imagery with a resolution of 1 meter or below is preferred. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) allows for use of additional variables such as texture, shape, context, and other cognitive information provided by the image analyst to segment and classify image features, and thus, improve classifications. As part of this research we created LULC classifications for a pilot study area in Seattle, WA, USA, using OBIA techniques and freely available public aerial photography. We analyzed the differences in accuracies which can be achieved with OBIA using multispectral and true-color imagery. We also compared our results to a satellite based OBIA LULC and discussed the implications of per-pixel driven vs. OBIA-driven field sampling campaigns. We demonstrated that the OBIA approach can generate good and repeatable LULC classifications suitable for tree cover assessment in urban areas. Another important finding is that spectral content appeared to be more important than spatial detail of hyperspatial data when it comes to an OBIA-driven LULC. |
| Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 4, Pages 1355-1380: Stem Cell Therapy: A New Treatment for Burns? Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new approach in almost every medicine specialty. This vast, heterogeneous family of cells are now both naturally (embryonic and adult stem cells) or artificially obtained (induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs) and their fates have become increasingly controllable, thanks to ongoing research in this passionate new field. We are at the beginning of a new era in medicine, with multiple applications for stem cell therapy, not only as a monotherapy, but also as an adjunct to other strategies, such as organ transplantation or standard drug treatment. Regrettably, serious preclinical concerns remain and differentiation, cell fusion, senescence and signalling crosstalk with growth factors and biomaterials are still challenges for this promising multidisciplinary therapeutic modality. Severe burns have several indications for stem cell therapy, including enhancement of wound healing, replacement of damaged skin and perfect skin regeneration – incorporating skin appendages and reduced fibrosis –, as well as systemic effects, such as inflammation, hypermetabolism and immunosuppression. The aim of this review is to describe well established characteristics of stem cells and to delineate new advances in the stem cell field, in the context of burn injury and wound healing. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Plasmid DNA can be used as a template to yield gold, palladium, silver, and chromium nanoparticles of different sizes based on variations in incubation time at 70 °C with gold phosphine complexes, with the acetates of silver or palladium, or chromium acetylacetonate. The employment of mild synthetic conditions, minimal procedural steps, and aqueous solvents makes this method environmentally greener and ensures general feasibility. The use of plasmids exploits the capabilities of the biotechnology industry as a source of nanoreactor materials. |
| Micromachines, Vol. 2, Pages 385-393: Modeling of the Response Time of Thermal Flow Sensors Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT This paper introduces a simple theoretical model for the response time of thermal flow sensors. Response time is defined here as the time needed by the sensor output signal to reach 63.2% of amplitude due to a change of fluid flow. This model uses the finite-difference method to solve the heat transfer equations, taking into consideration the transient conduction and convection between the sensor membrane and the surrounding fluid. Program results agree with experimental measurements and explain the response time dependence on the velocity and the sensor geometry. Values of the response time vary from about 5 ms in the case of stagnant flow to 1.5 ms for a flow velocity of 44 m/s. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT Elucidation of membrane protein structures have been greatly hampered by difficulties in producing adequately large quantities of the functional protein and stabilizing them. A6D and A6K are promising solutions to the problem and have recently been used for the rapid production of membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We propose that despite their short lengths, these peptides can adopt α-helical structures through interactions with micelles formed by the peptides themselves. These α-helices are then able to stabilize α-helical motifs which many membrane proteins contain. We also show that A6D and A6K can form β-sheets and appear as weak hydrogels at sufficiently high concentrations. Furthermore, A6D and A6K together in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can form expected β-sheet structures via a surprising α-helical intermediate. |
| Posted: 21 Oct 2011 12:00 AM PDT In order to be able to capture effects from co-transcriptional folding, we extend stochastic context-free grammars such that the probability of applying a rule can depend on the length of the subword that is eventually generated from the symbols introduced by the rule, and we show that existing algorithms for training and for determining the most probable parse tree can easily be adapted to the extended model without losses in performance. Furthermore, we show that the extended model is suited to improve the quality of predictions of RNA secondary structures. The extended model may also be applied to other fields where stochastic context-free grammars are used like natural language processing. Additionally some interesting questions in the field of formal languages arise from it. |
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