среда, 21 марта 2012 г.

Games

Games


Virtua Tennis Challenge - Videos and Trailers

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 03:51 AM PDT

Gameplay trailer.

PressPerCent 3.0.6 - Ink pre-setting solutions for offset presses.. (Shareware)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 02:57 AM PDT



The development of PressPerCent application started in mid 1990's. The purpose was to create a simple ink key pre-setting software tool - a popular subject at the time when press manufacturers and printers were searching for less expensive, space-saving solutions to replace hardware plate scanners (that never were extremely reliable, among everything else). Since then PressPerCent evolved to include more features the customers and OEM partners required, such as: support for the job format of virtually every press type and model, total ink calculations, spot color preview, automatic job processing via hot folders, flexible press configurations, etc.

Technically the application itself is just an area coverage calculator. It converts jobs in various input formats into bitmap images with relatively low resolution (its internal file format), then it counts number of pixels that have different color values in these bitmaps. This calculation is done for certain areas specified by user: entire printable area of the printing press, or page area of the job, or stripes that correspond to ink zones of offset (litho) printing press, or any rectangle that user drawn on screen using mouse.

Version 3.0.6:

  • New preferences options to manage "Spot Color Libraries"
  • New options to define "Non-printable" (proofing) spot color names
  • More options to control disk space used by PressPetCent's jobs
  • Internal changes to make settings and preferences data saves more reliable (to prevent accidental data loss)
  • Changes to several plug-ins code


Mac OS X 10.4 or later

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NetDispatch 0.0.1 - Send a message to many computers on a local network or over the web.. (Free)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 03:18 AM PDT

NetDispatch is a freeware app, designed to send single, non-replayable, messages to many computers at once. Simply setup NetDispatch on any computer you want to receive messages on, and let it run. It will run completely invisibly, in the background, waiting for you to send a message to it.

Features:

  • Instantly send messages to any number of computers.
  • Store the message file on your local network or a global web server.
  • Store the message file in Dropbox.
  • Check for messages at up to six different URLs.
  • Add a "More Info..." button to your messages, that links to a webpage.
  • Change how often NetDispatch checks for new messages.



Version 0.0.1: First Beta Release

Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later

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US Academic Keyboard Layout 3.0 - US Extended keyboard layout.. (Free)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 02:59 AM PDT

US Academic Keyboard Layout is a complex keyboard layout based on the principles of U.S. Extended, but with a much larger scope. Via dead keys you may get almost all the characters defined as 'Latin', also Combining Diacritical Marks, IPA, various symbols and punctuation. This is an ideal tool for linguists, phoneticians, dialectologists and all those who currently or occasionally use a large set of Latin-based characters.

Version 3.0:
  • Keyboard layout for editing linguistic and dialectal texts, radically revised according to Unicode 6.x additions and corrections.


  • Mac OS X 10.2 or later.
  • For fully using the capabilities of Combining Diacritical Marks, large fonts like Alphabetum, Gentium or TITUS are required (also Lucida Grande is OK). Mail.app, TextEdit, Nisus Writer Express, Mellel etc. are typical applications to be used with this key layout.


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AKVIS Decorator 3.0.544.8518 - Change the surface of an object in a realistic manner.. (Shareware)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 03:01 AM PDT



With AKVIS Decorator you can create things that were unimaginable even to Mother Nature.
The software lets you change the surface of an object in a realistic manner.

Select a part of an image - a dress on a girl, a car, a piece of furniture, etc, and apply new textures to it. The girl can have her dress painted in cheerful patterns, dotted or chequered, appear as if made of velvet or satin, or even of wood or candies.

There is a great variety of patterns in the built-in Texture Library, more than 1800 textures, to apply - from fabrics to stones and metal, from food to nature elements.

You can apply your own textures - just load an image as a texture file into the library.

Unlike the "bucket-fill" tool in many photo editors, the software follows the underlying features of the object, the texture that already exists, and makes the new color or texture look natural.

Applying a snake scale to a car's surface can be fun, but it is more practical to use AKVIS Decorator for design purposes.

With this software you can quickly choose a suitable design for your apartment by playing with different colors and patterns for furniture, walls, curtains, decorations, etc. It's useful for designers to show the customers the same room in different versions or for web-designers to represent the same items in an online shop (china-ware, blankets, clothes, piece of furniture, etc) in different colors/patterns.

By AKVIS tradition, the program has a simple interface, easy grasped even for newbies. In the Decorator's window you go to the Texture tab and select a texture from the library (you can adjust its color and frequency of the pattern), press the Run button and get a wonderful result. If needed, you can adjust the brightness and the angle of lighting. If all you need is just to change the color of the surface, then you go to the Color tab and choose a new color.

The program applies a texture/color preserving the volume of an object, following its folds and creases. The new pattern looks absolutely natural and makes you see things differently.

The software is available in two versions - as a standalone program and as a plugin to a photo editor.

The plug-in is compatible with Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, Corel Paint Shop Pro, etc.

Version 3.0.544.8518:

  • Added the Standalone version.

    Now the software is accessible in two editions: as a standalone program and as a plugin to photo editors (Adobe Photoshop and others).

  • Added the selection tools which let you create and edit the selection directly in Decorator (in both plug-in and standalone program).
  • Added new patterns to the Texture Library. Now the Library has 1824 textures!
  • Added the possibility to load almost any image as a user's texture. Now it's possible to use these formats: PNG, JPEG, BMP, TIFF, and the image size from 50x50 px and more. The previous versions loaded only 100x100 px JPEG texture images.
  • Changed the interface design and the application icon.
  • Fixed bugs in both Win and Mac versions.
  • Improved compatibility with Mac OS X 10.7.3.
  • Added compatibility with coming Photoshop CS6 and Photoshop Elements 11 to the plugin version.
  • and other changes.


  • Mac OS X 10.4 or later
  • For the Plugin version: Photoshop CS3-CS6 or Photoshop Elements 6-11.


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iVI Pro 3.257 - Add videos to iTunes with a simple drag-and-drop.. (Demo)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 03:11 AM PDT



iTunes Video Importer makes adding video files or DVDs to your Mac iTunes library as simple as drag and drop. iVI converts all video file formats into native Mac formats for iTunes or other Mac software. iVI also automatically finds and fills in useful information for Movies and TV Shows like artwork, show and season numbers and episode titles. iVI is also great for converting videocam or other other video to a Mac compatible format so you can edit it in iMovies or Final Cut Pro.

Version 3.257:
  • Fix for issue where bitrate is reset on opening preferences


Mac OS X 10.6 or later

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Crystals, Vol. 2, Pages 144-158: Theoretical and Experimental Study of LiBH4-LiCl Solid Solution

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Anion substitution is at present one of the pathways to destabilize metal borohydrides for solid state hydrogen storage. In this work, a solid solution of LiBH4 and LiCl is studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, thermodynamic modeling, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that Cl substitution has minor effects on thermodynamic stability of either the orthorhombic or the hexagonal phase of LiBH4. The transformation into the orthorhombic phase in LiBH4 shortly after annealing with LiCl is for the first time followed by infrared measurements. Our findings are in a good agreement with an experimental study of the LiBH4-LiCl solid solution structure and dynamics. This demonstrates the validity of the adopted combined theoretical (DFT calculations) and experimental (vibrational spectroscopy) approach, to investigate the solid solution formation of complex hydrides.

Future Internet, Vol. 4, Pages 322-346: Blueprinting Approach in Support of Cloud Computing

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Current cloud service offerings, i.e., Software-as-a-service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) offerings are often provided as monolithic, one-size-fits-all solutions and give little or no room for customization. This limits the ability of Service-based Application (SBA) developers to configure and syndicate offerings from multiple SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS providers to address their application requirements. Furthermore, combining different independent cloud services necessitates a uniform description format that facilitates the design, customization, and composition. Cloud Blueprinting is a novel approach that allows SBA developers to easily design, configure and deploy virtual SBA payloads on virtual machines and resource pools on the cloud. We propose the Blueprint concept as a uniform abstract description for cloud service offerings that may cross different cloud computing layers, i.e., SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. To support developers with the SBA design and development in the cloud, this paper introduces a formal Blueprint Template for unambiguously describing a blueprint, as well as a Blueprint Lifecycle that guides developers through the manipulation, composition and deployment of different blueprints for an SBA. Finally, the empirical evaluation of the blueprinting approach within an EC's FP7 project is reported and an associated blueprint prototype implementation is presented.

Cells, Vol. 1, Pages 15-26: Simultaneous Detection of Antigen-Specific IgG- and IgM-Secreting Cells with a B Cell Fluorospot Assay

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

The traditional enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay is the gold standard for the enumeration of antigen-specific B cells. Since B cell availability from biological samples is often limited, either because of sample size/volume or the need of performing multiple analyses on the same sample, the implementation of ELISpot assay formats that allow the simultaneous detection of multiple antibody types is desirable. While dual-color ELISpot assays have been described, technical complexities have so far prevented their wide utilization as well as further expansion of their multicolor capability. An attractive solution is to replace the chromogenic reaction of the traditional ELISpot assay with a fluorescent detection system (fluorospot assay). Fluorospot assays using fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies in conjunction with fluorescence enhancers, FITC/anti-FITC and biotin/avidin amplification systems and dedicated equipment for spot detection have been developed to enumerate T-cells secreting two or three specific cytokines and, more recently, IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). We hereby report a method for a multiplex B cell fluorospot assay that utilizes quantum-dot nanocrystals as reporters without further amplification systems or need of dedicated equipment. With this method we simultaneously enumerated HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein-specific IgG and IgM antibody-secreting cells with sensitivity comparable to that of the traditional ELISpot assay.

Pharmaceutics, Vol. 4, Pages 243-251: Ophthalmic Drug Delivery in Glaucoma—A Review

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and medical therapy is the initial option for the treatment of this potentially blinding condition. Topical instillation of eye drops from the bottle is the most common glaucoma drug delivery form. Due to limited permeability of anterior ocular surface, natural clearance and drainage, eye drops contain large amounts of inactive ingredients. Effective penetration enhancers are known as irritants causing ocular discomfort. Although drug efficacy is determined by active ingredients, inactive agents can affect tolerance and can result in conjunctival irritation and hyperemia and influence patients' adherence and quality of life.

Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 5, Pages 325-338: Comparison of Intraocular Pressure, Blood Pressure, Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Blood Flow Fluctuations During Dorzolamide Versus Timolol Add-On Therapy in Prostaglandin Analogue Treated Glaucoma Subjects

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Objective: To compare the effects of dorzolamide and timolol add-on therapy in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients previously treated with prostaglandin analogue (Pg), by evaluating fluctuations in the intraocular (IOP), blood (BP), ocular perfusion pressures (OPP) and retrobulbar blood flow (RBF) parameters. Methods: 35 OAG patients (35 eyes), 31 women (88.6%) age 63.3 (8.9) years were evaluated in a 3 month randomized, cross-over, single-masked study. During the experiments BP, heart rate, IOP and OPP were assessed 4 times per day (8–12–16–20 h). RBF was measured twice per day (8–20 h) using Color Doppler imaging in the ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), nasal (nSPCA) and temporal (tSPCA) posterior ciliary arteries. In each vessel, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were assessed and vascular resistance (RI) calculated. Results: Both add-on therapies lowered IOP in a statistically significant manner from 15.7 ± 2.4 mmHg at latanoprost baseline to 14.9 ± 2.2 mmHg using dorzolamide (p < 0.001) and 14.2 ± 1.9 mmHg using timolol (p < 0.001). The IOP lowering effect was statistically significant at 20 h, favoring timolol as compared to dorzolamide (1.4 ± 2.4 vs. 0.2 ± 2.1 mmHg), (p < 0.05). Dorzolamide add-on therapy showed smaller IOP (2.0 ± 1.4), SPP (13.3 ± 7.9), systolic BP (13.5 ± 8.7) and diastolic BP (8.4 ± 5.4) fluctuations as compared to both latanoprost baseline or timolol add-on therapies. Higher difference between morning and evening BP was correlated to decreased evening CRA EDV in the timolol group (c = −0.41; p = 0.01). With increased MAP in the morning or evening hours, we found increased evening OA RI in timolol add-on group (c = 0.400, p = 0.02; c = 0.513, p = 0.002 accordingly). Higher MAP fluctuations were related to impaired RBF parameters during evening hours-decreased CRA EDV (c = −0.408; p = 0.01), increased CRA RI (c = 0.576; p < 0.001) and tSPCA RI (c = 0.356; p = 0.04) in the dorzolamide group and increased nSPCA RI (c = 0.351; p = 0.04) in the timolol add-on group. OPP fluctuations correlated with increased nSPCA RI (c = 0.453; p = 0.006) in the timolol group. OPP fluctuations were not related to IOP fluctuations in both add-on therapies (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both dorzolamide and timolol add-on therapies lowered IOP in a statistically significant fashion dorzolamide add-on therapy showed lower fluctuations in IOP, SPP and BP. Higher variability of daytime OPP led to impaired RBF parameters in the evening.

Forests, Vol. 3, Pages 137-154: Splitting the Difference: A Proposal for Benefit Sharing in Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

The objective of REDD+ is to create incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and for the increase of carbon stocks through the enhancement, conservation and sustainable management of forests in developing countries. As part of the international negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), compensation would be estimated in relation to national performance but how these incentives will be channeled within countries has not been specified and there are concerns about how the benefits will be shared among different stakeholders. One central issue is that under the national approach good performance in one region can be offset by underperformance in other regions of the country thus preventing the generation of predictable local incentives. Other issues relate to the need to provide incentives to a wide range of stakeholders and to avoid perverse reactions. To address these and other issues we propose separating the accounting of reduced deforestation, reduced degradation and enhancement of forests. The local attribution of credits would be easier for carbon enhancement, and possibly reduced degradation, than for reduced deforestation, since carbon gains can, in principle, be measured locally in the first two cases, while estimating achievements in reduced deforestation requires a regional approach. This separation in attribution of rewards can help to create adequate incentives for the different stakeholders and overcome some of the problems associated with the design and implementation of national REDD+ programs.

MenuEverywhere 1.9.8 - Access the menubar from any window.. (Shareware)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 02:55 AM PDT



MenuEverywhere makes the menu bar's menu accessible from any window on any screen. If you've got a large monitor or a dual or multi-monitor setup, then MenuEverywhere will eliminate the frustration of having to reach out for the menubar and losing focus on your work.

Access menu bar menus in the following ways:

  • Screen-top menu bar on (non-primary) secondary screens that mimics the actual Apple menu bar
  • Window-attached menu bar
  • Window-attached menu button
  • Hotkey or mouse button pops-up menu at mouse location
Features:
  • Menu access methods are all optional, those not used may be switched off
  • Configurable button/menu bar styles
  • Multiple font sizes for menu labels and menu items (small to super-large)
  • Auto-hide
  • Able to show Apple menu in addition to application's menu
  • Ignore list to prevent usage on apps of your choosing
  • Fold/unfold alternate menu items
  • Showing shortcuts is optional

MenuEverywhere is not a hack and does not use or rely on any system hacks, nor does it modify your system's core functionality. It relies on standard Apple programming interfaces.

MenuEverywhere is fully functional for 14 days without a license. However, it will display a small reminder to buy it.



Version 1.9.8:
  • [FIX] In some instances, screen top menubar incorrectly displayed on primary screen when secondary display is disconnected. This is now fixed.


Mac OS X 10.6 or later

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Forests, Vol. 3, Pages 127-136: Vertical Stratification and Co-Occurrence Patterns of the Psocoptera Community Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in the Southern Appalachians

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Of the more than 300 species of Psocoptera described in North America, 44 species have been documented on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in the southern Appalachians. However, the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of these species throughout the tree canopy are unknown. This study was initiated to evaluate specimen abundance, species richness and species composition among three designated strata in the canopy of eastern hemlock, assess species for vertical stratification patterns, and determine if co-occurrence patterns of Psocoptera species are random or non-random. During this study, 27 species representing 18 genera and 10 families were evaluated. Psocopteran specimen abundance, species richness and composition differed among the lower, middle, and upper strata. Unique assemblages were identified in each stratum, indicating vertical stratification. The upper stratum of the canopy had five exclusive species, the middle had four exclusive species, and the lower stratum had 14 exclusive species. The co-occurrence pattern of Psocoptera species in the canopy of eastern hemlock was non-random.

IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 3782-3800: Increasing the X-ray Diffraction Power of Protein Crystals by Dehydration: The Case of Bovine Serum Albumin and a Survey of Literature Data

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Serum albumin is one of the most widely studied proteins. It is the most abundant protein in plasma with a typical concentration of 5 g/100 mL and the principal transporter of fatty acids in plasma. While the crystal structures of human serum albumin (HSA) free and in complex with fatty acids, hemin, and local anesthetics have been characterized, no crystallographic models are available on bovine serum albumin (BSA), presumably because of the poor diffraction power of existing hexagonal BSA crystals. Here, the crystallization and diffraction data of a new BSA crystal form, obtained by the hanging drop method using MPEG 5K as precipitating agent, are presented. The crystals belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 216.45 Å, b = 44.72 Å, c = 140.18 Å, β = 114.5°. Dehydration was found to increase the diffraction limit of BSA crystals from ~8 Å to 3.2 Å, probably by improving the packing of protein molecules in the crystal lattice. These results, together with a survey of more than 60 successful cases of protein crystal dehydration, confirm that it can be a useful procedure to be used in initial screening as a method of improving the diffraction limits of existing crystals.

IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 3773-3781: Recent Advances of Flowering Locus T Gene in Higher Plants

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Flowering Locus T (FT) can promote flowering in the plant photoperiod pathway and also facilitates vernalization flowering pathways and other ways to promote flowering. The expression of products of the FT gene is recognized as important parts of the flowering hormone and can induce flowering by long-distance transportation. In the present study, many FT-like genes were isolated, and the transgenic results show that FT gene can promote flowering in plants. This paper reviews the progress of the FT gene and its expression products to provide meaningful information for further studies of the functions of FT genes.

IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 3765-3772: Production of Protocatechuic Acid in Bacillus Thuringiensis ATCC33679

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Protocatechuic acid, or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, is produced by both soil and marine bacteria in the free form and as the iron binding component of the siderophore petrobactin. The soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ATCC 33679, contains the asb operon, but does not produce petrobactin. Iron restriction resulted in diminished B. thuringiensis kurstaki ATCC 33679 growth and the production of catechol(s). The gene product responsible for protocatechuic acid (asbF) and its receptor (fatB) were expressed during stationary phase growth. Gene expression varied with growth temperature, with optimum levels occurring well below the Bacillus anthracis virulence temperature of 37 °C. Regulation of protocatechuic acid suggests a possible role for this compound during soil growth cycles.

IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 3751-3764: Expression Analysis of Four Peroxiredoxin Genes from Tamarix hispida in Response to Different Abiotic Stresses and Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a recently discovered family of antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the reduction of peroxides and alkyl peroxides. In this study, four Prx genes (named as ThPrxII, ThPrxIIE, ThPrxIIF, and Th2CysPrx) were cloned from Tamarix hispida. Their expression profiles in response to stimulus of NaCl, NaHCO3, PEG, CdCl2 and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots, stems and leaves of T. hispida were investigated using real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that the four ThPrxs were all expressed in roots, stems and leaves. Furthermore, the transcript levels of ThPrxIIE and ThPrxII were the lowest and the highest, respectively, in all tissue types. All the ThPrx genes were induced by both NaCl and NaHCO3 and reached their highest expression levels at the onset of stress in roots. Under PEG and CdCl2 stress, the expression patterns of these ThPrxs showed temporal and spatial specificity. The expressions of the ThPrxs were all differentially regulated by ABA, indicating that they are all involved in the ABA signaling pathway. These findings reveal a complex regulation of Prxs that is dependent on the type of Prx, tissue, and the signaling molecule. The divergence of the stress-dependent transcriptional regulation of the ThPrx gene family in T. hispida may provide an essential basis for the elucidation of Prx function in future work.

IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 3738-3750: Antihyperglycemic and Antioxidative Effects of Hydroxyethyl Methylcellulose (HEMC) and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) in Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

The effect of dietary feeding of hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative status in mice under high fat diet conditions was investigated. The mice were randomly divided and given experimental diets for six weeks: normal control (NC group), high fat (HF group), and high fat supplemented with either HEMC (HF+HEMC group) or HPMC (HF+HPMC group). At the end of the experimental period, the HF group exhibited markedly higher blood glucose and insulin levels as well as a higher erythrocyte lipid peroxidation rate relative to the control group. However, diet supplementation of HEMC and HPMC was found to counteract the high fat-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress via regulation of antioxidant and hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities. These findings illustrate that HEMC and HPMC were similarly effective in improving the glucose metabolism and antioxidant defense system in high fat-fed mice and they may be beneficial as functional biomaterials in the development of therapeutic agents against high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 3718-3737: Photosensized Controlling Benzyl Methacrylate-Based Matrix Enhanced Eu3+ Narrow-Band Emission for Fluorescence Applications

Posted: 21 Mar 2012 12:00 AM PDT

This study synthesized a europium (Eu3+) complex Eu(DBM)3Cl-MIP (DBM = dibenzoyl methane; Cl-MIP = 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) dispersed in a benzyl methacrylate (BMA) monomer and treated with ultraviolet (UV) light for polymerization. Spectral results showed that the europium complex containing an antenna, Cl-MIP, which had higher triplet energy into the Eu3+ energy level, was an energetically enhanced europium emission. Typical stacking behaviors of π–π interactions between the ligands and the Eu3+-ion were analyzed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Regarding the luminescence performance of this europium composite, the ligand/defect emission was suppressed by dispersion in a poly-BMA (PBMA) matrix. The underlying mechanism of the effective enhancement of the pure Eu3+ emission was attributed to the combined effects of structural modifications, defect emissions, and carrier charge transfer. Fluorescence spectra were compared to the composite of optimized Eu3+ emission where they were subsequently chelated to four metal ions via carboxylate groups on the BMA unit. The optical enhanced europium composite clearly demonstrated highly efficient optical responses and is, therefore a promising application as an optical detection material.

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