Games |
- Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 5, Pages 133-154: Genetic and Phenotypic Analyses of a Papaver somniferum T-DNA Insertional Mutant with Altered Alkaloid Composition
- RetroBlazer alpha (new)
- spacezero 0.82.0 (updated)
- Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 5, Pages 114-132: TRPV1 Antagonists and Chronic Pain: Beyond Thermal Perception
- Sustainability, Vol. 4, Pages 193-209: Towards a Sustainable Spatial Organization of the Energy System: Backcasting Experiences from Austria
- Metabolites, Vol. 2, Pages 134-164: Lipidomics of Glycosphingolipids
- Polymers, Vol. 4, Pages 355-395: Dendronization: A Useful Synthetic Strategy to Prepare Multifunctional Materials
- Metals, Vol. 2, Pages 56-64: Martensitic Transformation in Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steel AISI 304L Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 1632-1643: Analysis of Snail-1, E-Cadherin and Claudin-1 Expression in Colorectal Adenomas and Carcinomas
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 1620-1631: Acidic Polysaccharide Extracts from Gastrodia Rhizomes Suppress the Atherosclerosis Risk Index through Inhibition of the Serum Cholesterol Composition in Sprague Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 1612-1619: Tetrachloridocuprates(II)—Synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
- Bitfighter 016 (updated)
- The HotSpot - Final Fantasy, NeverDead - 2/1/12
- GSA: Ask Ono Anything
- PS3 sales on the rise as Sony suffers overall losses
- Big in Japan Jan 23-29: Armored Core V, Resident Evil: Revelations
- French court rules that it's illegally anticompetitive for Google to provide free maps
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 1598-1611: Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Octacosanol from the Leaves of Sabicea grisea var. grisea in Mice
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 1582-1597: Functional Expression of an Orchid Fragrance Gene in Lactococcus lactis
- IJMS, Vol. 13, Pages 1561-1581: Composition, Structure and Functional Properties of Protein Concentrates and Isolates Produced from Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST The in vitro shoot culture of a T-DNA insertional mutant of Papaver somniferum L. established by the infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF03-01724 accumulated thebaine instead of morphine as a major opium alkaloid. To develop a non-narcotic opium poppy and to gain insight into its genetic background, we have transplanted this mutant to soil, and analyzed its alkaloid content along with the manner of inheritance of T-DNA insertion loci among its selfed progenies. In the transplanted T0 primary mutant, the opium (latex) was found to be rich in thebaine (16.3% of dried opium) by HPLC analysis. The analyses on T-DNA insertion loci by inverse PCR, adaptor-ligation PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that as many as 18 copies of T-DNAs were integrated into a poppy genome in a highly complicated manner. The number of copies of T-DNAs was decreased to seven in the selected T3 progenies, in which the average thebaine content was 2.4-fold that of the wild type plant. This may indicate that the high thebaine phenotype was increasingly stabilized as the number of T-DNA copies was decreased. In addition, by reverse transcription PCR analysis on selected morphine biosynthetic genes, the expression of codeine 6-O-demethylase was clearly shown to be diminished in the T0 in vitro shoot culture, which can be considered as one of the key factors of altered alkaloid composition. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 03:09 AM PST RetroBlazer is a first person shooter inspired by old 90s pixel graphics |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 03:09 AM PST A 2D RTS space combat game. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST In the last decade, considerable evidence as accumulated to support the development of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists for the treatment of various chronic pain conditions. Whereas there is a widely accepted rationale for the development of TRPV1 antagonists for the treatment of various inflammatory pain conditions, their development for indications of chronic pain, where conditions of tactical, mechanical and spontaneous pain predominate, is less clear. Preclinical localization and expression studies provide a firm foundation for the use of molecules targeting TRPV1 for conditions of bone pain, osteoarthritis and neuropathic pain. Selective TRPV1 antagonists weakly attenuate tactile and mechanical hypersensivity and are partially effective for behavioral and electrophysiological endpoints that incorporate aspects of spontaneous pain. While initial studies with TRPV1 antagonist in normal human subjects indicate a loss of warm thermal perception, clinical studies assessing allelic variants suggests that TRPV1 may mediate other sensory modalities under certain conditions. The focus of this review is to summarize the current perspectives of TRPV1 for the treatment of conditions beyond those with a primary thermal sensitivity. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST The transition to a sustainable energy system faces more challenges than a simple replacement of fossil energy sources by renewable ones. Since current structures do not favor sustainable energy generation and use, it is indispensable to change the existing infrastructure. A fundamental change of the energy system also requires re-organizing spatial structures and their respective institutions and governance structures. Especially in Austria, urban sprawl and unsustainable settlement structures are regarded as one of the main developments leading to increased energy demand. One of the aims within the project E-Trans 2050 was to identify socio-economic constellations that are central to the further transformation of the energy system and to focus on actors and their socio-technical framework conditions. Based on a sustainable future vision for the year 2050 a backcasting workshop was conducted to identify necessary steps for the envisaged transition to a more sustainable energy system. The results shed light on the necessary changes for a transformation towards sustainability in the specific Austrian situation. Critical issues are region-specific production of energy and its use, settlement and regional structures and values and role models, which all have a determining influence on energy demand. Combining the knowledge of extensive energy use with available energy resources in spatial planning decisions is a main challenge towards a long term sustainable energy system. |
| Metabolites, Vol. 2, Pages 134-164: Lipidomics of Glycosphingolipids Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) contain one or more sugars that are attached to a sphingolipid moiety, usually to a ceramide, but in rare cases also to a sphingoid base. A large structural heterogeneity results from differences in number, identity, linkage, and anomeric configuration of the carbohydrate residues, and also from structural differences within the hydrophobic part. GSLs form complex cell-type specific patterns, which change with the species, the cellular differentiation state, viral transformation, ontogenesis, and oncogenesis. Although GSL structures can be assigned to only a few series with a common carbohydrate core, their structural variety and the complex pattern are challenges for their elucidation and quantification by mass spectrometric techniques. We present a general overview of the application of lipidomics for GSL determination. This includes analytical procedures and instrumentation together with recent correlations of GSL molecular species with human diseases. Difficulties such as the structural complexity and the lack of standard substances for complex GSLs are discussed. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST Dendronization is a synthetic methodology that offers important advantages. The resulting products, which are called dendronized materials, present new and specific properties. This review shows numerous examples in which individual dendrons are used as building blocks to prepare more complex arrays via covalent or non-covalent interactions. In particular, it points out how the structural information programmed into the dendritic architecture can be used in the dendronization process to generate nanostructures with specific tailored properties. We emphasize the use of different dendrons, with diverse chemical structure and size, to functionalize diverse substrates like linear polymers, and plane and curved inorganic surfaces. Apart from this, the review also demonstrates that self-assembly represents an ideal approach to create well-defined hyperbranched surfaces and it includes some discussion about the ability of both organic and inorganic building blocks to direct this process. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST The monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L, produced by severe plastic deformation, was investigated. Under monotonic loading, the martensitic phase transformation in the ultrafine-grained state is strongly favored. Under cyclic loading, the martensitic transformation behavior is similar to the coarse-grained condition, but the cyclic stress response is three times larger for the ultrafine-grained condition. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST We report the expression of Snail-1, E-cadherin and claudin-1 by indirect immunohistochemistry in colonic neoplasia. Snail-1 is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in cells that already have undergone almost complete epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and have already evaded from the tumor. The main mechanism by which Snail induces EMT is downregulation of E-cadherin, of which expression was shown to be frequently downregulated in many different types of tumors, where it accompanies the invasiveness and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Moreover, Snail-1 may downregulate the expression of claudin-1, a cell-cell adhesion protein which plays a likely role in progression and dissemination during tumorigenesis. Snail-1 was expressed in both carcinoma and adenoma cells with histologically normal epithelium in the mucosa, adjacent to the tumors, without significant differences, and predominant strong intensity of staining. Statistically significant differences were revealed between normal and tumorous epithelium (p = 0.003) at the subcellular level, where the shift of the protein to the cytoplasm with combined cytoplasmic/nuclear or pure cytoplasmic expression was observed. E-cadherin expression was present in 100% of cases of both adenocarcinomas and adenomas, with prevailing strong membranous immunoreactivity and no differences between protein expression in tumors and normal mucosa. Predominating strong positivity of claudin-1 was detected in tumor cells of adenocarcinomas and adenomas. Marked differences were seen in protein localization, where membranous staining, typical for nontumorous epithelium, changed to combined membranous/cytoplasmic expression in adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0001) and adenomas (0.0002), in which cytoplasmic shift was associated with a higher degree of dysplasia. Furthermore, membranous/cytoplasmic localization was more frequent in the carcinoma group (87%) in comparison with adenomas (51%) (p = 0.0001). We conclude that dystopic subcellular localizations of Snail-1 and claudin-1 may participate in changes of cellular morphology and behavior which might be associated with altered effectory pathways of proteins and thus substantially contribute to the cancer development. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST Obesity is associated with a broad spectrum of cardio-metabolic disturbances, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CDV). A high-fat diet has been shown to cause an elevation of the plasma cholesterol levels in humans, and the control of serum cholesterol has been demonstrated to be important in the prevention of CVD and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to demonstrate that crude and acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes suppress atherosclerosis through the regulation of serum lipids in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-fat diet. We examined the concentrations of serum lipids, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, in SD rats fed a high-fat diet and evaluated the atherogenic index. Here, we show that both crude and acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes inhibited the total cholesterol and LDL levels. Moreover, there was a significantly suppressed atherosclerosis risk due to the acidic polysaccharide extract from Gastrodia rhizome. Taken together, our results suggested that acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes might be beneficial for lowering the incidence of CVD and atherosclerosis by reducing the de novo synthesis of total cholesterol and the LDL levels. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST Ionic liquids (ILs) on the basis of metal containing anions and/or cations are of interest for a variety of technical applications e.g., synthesis of particles, magnetic or thermochromic materials. We present the synthesis and the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses of a series of some new potential ionic liquids based on tetrachloridocuprates(II), [CuCl4]2−, with different sterically demanding cations: hexadecyltrimethylammonium 1, tetradecyltrimethylammonium 2, tetrabutylammonium 3 and benzyltriethylammonium 4. The cations in the new compounds were used to achieve a reasonable separation of the paramagnetic Cu(II) ions for EPR spectroscopy. The EPR hyperfine structure was not resolved. This is due to the exchange broadening, resulting from still incomplete separation of the paramagnetic Cu(II) centers. Nevertheless, the principal values of the electron Zeemann tensor (g║ and g┴) of the complexes could be determined. Even though the solid substances show slightly different colors, the UV/Vis spectra are nearly identical, indicating structural changes of the tetrachloridocuprate moieties between solid state and solution. The complexes have a promising potential e.g., as high temperature ionic liquids, as precursors for the formation of copper chloride particles or as catalytic paramagnetic ionic liquids. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 02:13 AM PST Space-based mayhem! |
| The HotSpot - Final Fantasy, NeverDead - 2/1/12 Posted: 01 Feb 2012 11:26 PM PST What do a JRPG, a new action adventure IP, and SoulCalibur V have in common? Not much! The HotSpot discusses.
Get the full article at GameSpot "The HotSpot - Final Fantasy, NeverDead - 2/1/12" was posted by Tom Magrino on Wed, 01 Feb 2012 23:26:37 -0800 |
| Posted: 01 Feb 2012 11:06 PM PST Send in your best questions to the Capcom producer; GameSpot Asia will ask them for you.
Get the full article at GameSpot "GSA: Ask Ono Anything" was posted by Jonathan Leo Toyad on Wed, 01 Feb 2012 23:06:50 -0800 |
| PS3 sales on the rise as Sony suffers overall losses Posted: 01 Feb 2012 10:43 PM PST PlayStation 3 hardware moves 6.5 million units for the quarter, but Consumer Products & Services division loses ¥85.7 billion overall. Sony announced its third quarter earnings today, revealing a significant increase in PlayStation 3 hardware and software sales in the three months leading up to December 31, 2011. According to the earnings report released today, 6.5 million PlayStation 3 units were sold in the publisher's third quarter, an increase of 2.8 million units on the previous quarter, and an increase of 200,000 units compared to the same period last year. In PS3 software sales, Sony recorded a total of 66.2 million units sold, an increase of 28.8 million units on the previous quarter, and an increase of 8.6 million units compared to the same period last year.
However, Sony's other PlayStation business was largely in decline this quarter compared to the same time last year: PSP hardware sales fell from 3.6 million to 2.4 million, while software sales for the handheld fell from 16.5 million to 11.4 million copies sold; and the PlayStation 2 continued its steady decline, with hardware sales down from 2.1 million to 900,000, and software sales slipping from 5.3 million to 2.5 million units shifted. Sony's Consumer Products & Services division--which includes the PlayStation business as well as TVs, home audio, cameras, and personal electronics--suffered an operating loss of ¥85.7 billion (US$1.1 billion), compared to an operating loss of ¥63.5 billion yen (US$834.1 million) in the same quarter of the previous fiscal year. Year-over-year sales for the division were also down, sliding 24.4 percent to ¥996.5 billion yen (US$12.78 billion). Company-wide, Sony posted a decrease in sales of 17.4 percent year-on-year, arriving at a figures of ¥1,822.9 billion (US$23.38 billion). Sony attributed the loss primarily to the impact of the October 2011 Thailand floods, as well as a deterioration in market conditions in developed countries and "unfavorable" foreign exchange rates. Across all divisions, Sony suffered a net loss of ¥91.7 billion (US$1.2 billion) for the quarter. Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "PS3 sales on the rise as Sony suffers overall losses" was posted by Laura Parker on Wed, 01 Feb 2012 22:43:42 -0800 |
| Big in Japan Jan 23-29: Armored Core V, Resident Evil: Revelations Posted: 01 Feb 2012 08:21 PM PST Software's combat sequel, Capcom's new survival horror title, and a slight boost in sales for the PS Vita in Japan.
The week of January 23 to January 29 in Japan was a good one for gamers, with more than enough new releases to choose from; from Armored Core and Resident Evil sequels, to a remake of a six-year-old Tales RPG title. Placing first on the recent Media Creates chart update was Armored Core V for the PS3, with 163,906 units sold. Just below the mecha-piloting simulator was Resident Evil Revelations for the 3DS, with 146,559 units sold. Armored Core V features five-on-five team-based online battles on a persistent world map, in addition to the series' trademark mech customisation options. For more information on the game, check out GameSpot's recent coverage on the title. Resident Evil: Revelations has been praised by critics for its atmosphere, action, and entertaining story upon its release. Check out GameSpot's recent review for more details. The PS Vita title Tales of Innocence R, a remake of the 2007 DS title, was in third place on the charts with 54,853 units sold. The game uses the Dimension Stride Linear Motion Battle system for combat, where players can move around the field in 3D and use skills in mid-air. In addition, the Rave ability introduced in this version of the game allows players to activate even more special attacks consecutively for damaging combos. The game also has touch-screen controls that allow players to activate special attacks and party commands on the fly. Other highlights of the chart include Mario Kart 7 and Monster Hunter 3G, which are still clinging onto the top five; the former is selling 29,230 units and the latter 27,032 units. The Xbox 360 version of Armored Core V also made its debut in sixth place, with 24,719 units sold. On the hardware side, the PS Vita saw a boost in sales as it placed third on the charts. Sony sold 18,942 units of the device, just above the PSP, which sold 16,008 units. The 3DS was still the top-selling console of the week, with 84,789 units sold, followed by the PS3, with 22,924 units sold. JAPAN GAME SALES WEEK OF JANUARY 23-29 Software 1. Armored Core V / Namco Bandai / PS3 / 163,906 Hardware 3DS ¥ 84,789 Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Big in Japan Jan 23-29: Armored Core V, Resident Evil: Revelations" was posted by Jonathan Leo Toyad on Wed, 01 Feb 2012 20:21:38 -0800 |
| French court rules that it's illegally anticompetitive for Google to provide free maps Posted: 02 Feb 2012 01:16 AM PST I wonder what Bottin Cartographes will do when OpenStreetMaps finishes producing high-quality, free, public domain maps of France? France convicts Google Maps for unfair competition (via Engadget) |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST Sabicea species are used in the Amazon for treatment of fever and malaria, which suggests that its chemical constituents may have some effect on pain and inflammation. Phytochemical analysis of the hexane fraction obtained from the crude ethanol extract from Sabicea grisea var. grisea Cham. & Schltdl (Rubiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil, resulted in the isolation of octacosanol. This study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the octacosanol in different experimental models. The crude ethanolic extract and hexane fraction obtained from the leaves of S. grisea produced an inhibition of acetic acid-induced pain. Moreover, octacosanol isolated from the hexane fraction produced a significant inhibition of pain response elicited by acetic acid. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, notably reversed the antinociceptive activity induced by octacosanol in the abdominal constriction test. Furthermore, mice treated with octacosanol did not exhibit any behavioral alteration during the hot plate and rota-rod tests, indicating non-participation of the supraspinal components in the modulation of pain by octacosanol with no motor abnormality. In the formalin test, octacosanol did not inhibit the licking time in first phase (neurogenic pain), but significantly inhibited the licking time in second phase (inflammatory pain) of mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of octacosanol was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The octacosanol significantly reduced the total leukocyte count and neutrophils influx, as well as TNF-α levels in the carrageenan-induced pleurisy. This study revealed that the mechanism responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the octacosanol appears to be partly associated with an inhibition of alpha 2-adrenergic transmission and an inhibition of pathways dependent on pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, these results demonstrated that the octacosanol from the leaves of S. grisea possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, which could be of relevance for the pharmacological control of pain and inflammatory processes. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST Vanda Mimi Palmer (VMP), an orchid hybrid of Vanda tesselata and Vanda Tan Chay Yan is a highly scented tropical orchid which blooms all year round. Previous studies revealed that VMP produces a variety of isoprenoid volatiles during daylight. Isoprenoids are well known to contribute significantly to the scent of most fragrant plants. They are a large group of secondary metabolites which may possess valuable characteristics such as flavor, fragrance and toxicity and are produced via two pathways, the mevalonate (MVA) pathway or/and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this study, a sesquiterpene synthase gene denoted VMPSTS, previously isolated from a floral cDNA library of VMP was cloned and expressed in Lactococcus lactis to characterize the functionality of the protein. L. lactis, a food grade bacterium which utilizes the mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid production was found to be a suitable host for the characterization of plant terpene synthases. Through recombinant expression of VMPSTS, it was revealed that VMPSTS produced multiple sesquiterpenes and germacrene D dominates its profile. |
| Posted: 02 Feb 2012 12:00 AM PST In this study, composition, structure and the functional properties of protein concentrate (WPC) and protein isolate (WPI) produced from defatted walnut flour (DFWF) were investigated. The results showed that the composition and structure of walnut protein concentrate (WPC) and walnut protein isolate (WPI) were significantly different. The molecular weight distribution of WPI was uniform and the protein composition of DFWF and WPC was complex with the protein aggregation. H0 of WPC was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than those of DFWF and WPI, whilst WPI had a higher H0 compared to DFWF. The secondary structure of WPI was similar to WPC. WPI showed big flaky plate like structures; whereas WPC appeared as a small flaky and more compact structure. The most functional properties of WPI were better than WPC. In comparing most functional properties of WPI and WPC with soybean protein concentrate and isolate, WPI and WPC showed higher fat absorption capacity (FAC). Emulsifying properties and foam properties of WPC and WPI in alkaline pH were comparable with that of soybean protein concentrate and isolate. Walnut protein concentrates and isolates can be considered as potential functional food ingredients. |
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