Games |
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3718-3733: Exercise Therapy Downregulates the Overexpression of TLR4, TLR2, MyD88 and NF-κB after Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3705-3717: Covalent Coupling of Nanoparticles with Low-Density Functional Ligands to Surfaces via Click Chemistry
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3683-3704: NADPH Oxidase Biology and the Regulation of Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Signaling and Cancer Drug Cytotoxicity
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3671-3682: Synthesis and Characterization of the Inclusion Complex of β-cyclodextrin and Azomethine
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3656-3670: Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Timosaponin AIII in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS and Its Pharmacokinetic Application
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3639-3655: Analysis of the Enhanced Stability of R(+)-Alpha Lipoic Acid by the Complex Formation with Cyclodextrins
- Task Coach 1.3.23 - To-do list manager.. (Free)
- Neverwinter beta weekend dates announced
- Sony Online Entertainment to host 2013 community fan event
- Guild Wars 2 Flame & Frost content out end of February
- Big In Asia Livestream Replay: Tales of Xillia 2
- House of Horrors: Fatal Frame 2 Highlights
- PlayStation 4 to cost $400+ and feature cloud streaming – Report
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3621-3638: Preparation of a Facilitated Transport Membrane Composed of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Polyethylenimine for CO2/N2 Separation
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3595-3620: Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulates Extracellular-Signal Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation of a Novel Site on Cytoplasmic Dynein Intermediate Chain 2
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3568-3594: Annexin A2: The Importance of Being Redox Sensitive
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3556-3567: Expression of a Functional Recombinant Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor from Transgenic Rice Seeds
- IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3540-3555: Flavonoids as Antioxidants and Developmental Regulators: Relative Significance in Plants and Humans
- Molecules, Vol. 18, Pages 2166-2182: Antibacterial/Antifungal Activity and Synergistic Interactions between Polyprenols and Other Lipids Isolated from Ginkgo Biloba L. Leaves
- Molecules, Vol. 18, Pages 2150-2165: Volatiles and Water- and Fat-Soluble Precursors of Saanen Goat and Cross Suffolk Lamb Flavour
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are considered to mediate the inflammatory reaction of cerebral ischemia injury, and exercise can inhibit the activity of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in the peripheral blood of humans. Although physical exercise has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in both clinical and laboratory settings, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To clarify this critical issue, this study investigated the effects of treadmill training on the recovery of neurological function and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and their main downstream targets, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), in the ischemic rat brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAo/R). Rats were divided into seven groups: sham control without MCAo/R and five, nine and 16 days post-ischemic exercise or non-exercise. The neurological function and infarct volume were measured, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB and MyD88 in ischemic brain tissue. The results indicated that treadmill training promoted functional recovery and reduced the overexpression of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB and MyD88 in rat brain tissue after ischemia, a finding that may have implications for understanding the mechanism of exercise therapy after brain ischemia and indicating new therapeutic strategies for the pharmacological modulation of TLR signaling. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST We demonstrate the application of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click” reaction) to couple gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized with low densities of functional ligands. The ligand coverage on the citrate-stabilized Au NPs was adjusted by the ligand:Au surface atom ratio, while maintaining the colloidal stability of the Au NPs in aqueous solution. A procedure was developed to determine the driving forces governing the selectivity and reactivity of citrate-stabilized and ligand-functionalized Au NPs on patterned self-assembled monolayers. We observed selective and remarkably stable chemical bonding of the Au NPs to the complimentarily functionalized substrate areas, even when estimating that only 1–2 chemical bonds are formed between the particles and the substrate. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST The outdated idea that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are only dangerous products of cellular metabolism, causing toxic and mutagenic effects on cellular components, is being replaced by the view that ROS have several important functions in cell signaling. In aerobic organisms, ROS can be generated from different sources, including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and lipoxygenase, but the only enzyme family that produces ROS as its main product is the NADPH oxidase family (NOX enzymes). These transfer electrons from NADPH (converting it to NADP−) to oxygen to make O2•−. Due to their stability, the products of NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide are considered the most favorable ROS to act as signaling molecules. Transcription factors that regulate gene expression involved in carcinogenesis are modulated by NADPH oxidase, and it has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapies. The present review discusses the mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase regulates signal transduction pathways in view of tyrosine kinase receptors, which are pivotal to regulating the hallmarks of cancer, and how ROS mediate the cytotoxicity of several cancer drugs employed in clinical practice. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST A β-cyclodextrin (β-Cyd) inclusion complex containing azomethine as a guest was prepared by kneading method with aliquot addition of ethanol. The product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), which proves the formation of the inclusion complex where the benzyl part of azomethine has been encapsulated by the hydrophobic cavity of β-Cyd. The interaction of β-Cyd and azomethine was also analyzed by means of spectrometry by UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the formation constant. The formation constant was calculated by using a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation at 25 °C. The apparent formation constant obtained was 1.29 × 104 L/mol. Besides that, the stoichiometry ratio was also determined to be 1:1 for the inclusion complex of β-Cyd with azomethine. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST A rapid sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for determination of timosaponin AIII (TA-III) in rat plasma, using ginsenoside Re as an internal standard (IS). TA-III and the IS were detected in MRM mode with a negative ionization electrospray mass spectrometer. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges from 11.14 to 1114 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 11.14 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were within 10%, and accuracy ranged from 6.4% to 9.1%. The extraction recovery at three concentrations ranged from 92.3% to 95.5%. The validated method was successfully applied to monitor the concentrations of TA-III in rat plasma after intragastric administration. The best fit pharmacokinetic model to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters was a single compartment model with weight of 1/x2 for oral administration groups of rats for TA-III. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST R(+)-alpha lipoic acid (RALA) is one of the cofactors for mitochondrial enzymes and, therefore, plays a central role in energy metabolism. RALA is unstable when exposed to low pH or heat, and therefore, it is difficult to use enantiopure RALA as a pharma- and nutra-ceutical. In this study, we have aimed to stabilize RALA through complex formation with cyclodextrins (CDs). α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD were used for the formation of these RALA-CD complexes. We confirmed the complex formation using differential scanning calorimetry and showed by using HPLC analysis that complexed RALA is more stable than free RALA when subjected to humidity and high temperature or acidic pH conditions. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the particle size and shape differed depending on the cyclodextrin used for complexation. Further, the complexes of CD and RALA showed a different particle size distribution pattern compared with that of CD itself or that of the physical mixture of RALA and CD. |
| Task Coach 1.3.23 - To-do list manager.. (Free) Posted: 07 Feb 2013 03:00 AM PST  Task Coach is a free open source todo manager. It grew out of frustration that other programs do not handle composite tasks well. In addition to flexible composite tasks, Task Coach has grown to include prerequisites, prioritizing, effort tracking, category tags, budgets, notes, and many other features. However, users are not forced to use all these features; Task Coach can be as simple or complex as you need it to be. Task Coach is available for Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux; and there is a companion iOS app. Task Coach is Free Software licensed under GNU GPLv3. Version 1.3.23: Bugs fixed:
OS X 10.4 or later Download Now This posting includes an audio/video/photo media file: Download Now |
| Neverwinter beta weekend dates announced Posted: 07 Feb 2013 01:25 AM PST Online session to run on weekends during February and March; founder's pack buyers will get access on February 8.
MMO players can soon start their adventures in the Forgotten Realms universe via the closed beta version of upcoming RPG Neverwinter. According to a news post on the Neverwinter site, developer Cryptic Studios and publisher Perfect World will be hosting Neverwinter beta weekend sessions starting on February 8 to February 10. This will be followed by another session from March 8 to March 10 and a third one on March 22 to March 24. Players can register here to get a chance to partake in the closed beta sessions. Those who purchased the Hero of the North founder's pack will get guaranteed access on the first session that starts on February 8. For more information, check out GameSpot's coverage on the title. Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Neverwinter beta weekend dates announced" was posted by Jonathan Toyad on Thu, 07 Feb 2013 01:25:50 -0800 |
| Sony Online Entertainment to host 2013 community fan event Posted: 07 Feb 2013 01:20 AM PST SOE Live will be at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas this August, featuring new information on the next EverQuest.
Fans of Free Realms, PlanetSide 2, and other Sony Online Entertainment (SOE) titles will be pleased to learn that the company will be hosting a major community event this year. Billed as SOE Live, the event is a community gathering where gamers and developers of SOE-branded titles meet. Activities include developer panel discussions and game-themed live events. The event will be held from August 1 to August 4 at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas, Nevada in the US. Games that are on the SOE lineup include DC Universe Online, PlanetSide 2, Free Realms, and the EverQuest series. In addition, SOE stated that it will reveal the next entry in the EverQuest franchise during the event. SOE Live has been going on since 2004, with the majority of the annual event taking place in Las Vegas. Previously, it was known as SOE Fan Faire. Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Sony Online Entertainment to host 2013 community fan event" was posted by Jonathan Toyad on Thu, 07 Feb 2013 01:20:11 -0800 |
| Guild Wars 2 Flame & Frost content out end of February Posted: 07 Feb 2013 01:13 AM PST Next content update to feature new PvP map and guild missions.
Gamers looking to expand their time with GameSpot's PC and RPG game of 2012 can look forward to more content soon. According to NCSoft's official page for the game, developer ArenaNet will be releasing the second wave of downloadable content titled Flame & Frost: The Gathering Storm. The update features a new PvP map called the Spirit Watch, new guild missions, a new selectable achievement system, and a new PvP mode where two teams of equal average rating pit against each other in a quick match. Players can expect to check it out on February 26. For more information on Guild Wars 2, check out the recent video below. Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Guild Wars 2 Flame & Frost content out end of February" was posted by Jonathan Toyad on Thu, 07 Feb 2013 01:13:12 -0800 |
| Big In Asia Livestream Replay: Tales of Xillia 2 Posted: 06 Feb 2013 11:31 PM PST Jonathan and Randy jump into another JRPG with this extended look at the recently-released (in Japan, anyway) Tales of Xillia 2. Spoiler alert: Jonathan dies a bit.
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "Big In Asia Livestream Replay: Tales of Xillia 2" was posted by rreydebarros on Wed, 06 Feb 2013 23:31:20 -0800 |
| House of Horrors: Fatal Frame 2 Highlights Posted: 06 Feb 2013 09:37 PM PST Zorine and Jess dive into a ghost-infested village in one of the scariest games ever. Will Fatal Frame 2 be too terrifying for them to handle?
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "House of Horrors: Fatal Frame 2 Highlights" was posted by JessicaM on Wed, 06 Feb 2013 21:37:07 -0800 |
| PlayStation 4 to cost $400+ and feature cloud streaming – Report Posted: 06 Feb 2013 09:21 PM PST Japanese newspaper claims next PlayStation console will cost in excess of 40,000 yen ($428) when it launches in US and Japan this year; PS4 to include biometric controller and cloud streaming.
With two weeks left until a Sony event that is being widely tipped as the official announcement of a new PlayStation console, more rumours have today emerged on the estimated launch window and price of the company–s next home device. Citing Japanese-language newspaper Asahi Shimbun, The Verge reported that the PlayStation 4 will release in the US and Japan during 2013, and will cost more than 40,000 yen ($428).  The estimated price is a third cheaper than the PlayStation 3's 2006 launch, which debuted at around 60,000 yen in Japan, $599 in North America, £425 in the UK, and $999 in Australia. No specific information was provided on the launch availability for the PS4 in Europe or Australia, leading to speculation that the silence regarding the device in the latter markets may indicate a later 2014 release. Other details in the paper's report lend further credibility to earlier rumours that the next PlayStation's controller will include biometric support in the form of a rear touchpad (like that found on the PlayStation Vita), and will be a similar size to the current DualShock 3. A second report by The Nikkei Business Daily said that the PS4 will include integration of Gaikai's cloud streaming service. Sony acquired the firm for $380 million in mid 2012. GameSpot contacted Sony for clarification on the two reports, but the company declined, saying that it does not comment on rumour or speculation. For more information on the future of the PlayStation, check out GameSpot's previous coverage.
Read and Post Comments | Get the full article at GameSpot "PlayStation 4 to cost $400+ and feature cloud streaming – Report" was posted by Dan Chiappini on Wed, 06 Feb 2013 21:21:00 -0800 |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST The miscibility of carboxymethyl chitosan/polyethylenimine (CMCS/PEI) blends was analyzed by FT-IR, TGA and SEM. Defect-free CMCS/PEI blend membranes were prepared with polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes as support layer for the separation of CO2/N2 mixtures. The results demonstrate that the CMCS/PEI blend is miscible, due to the hydrogen bonding interaction between the two targeted polymers. For the blended membrane without water, the permeability of CO2 gas is 3.6 × 10−7 cm3 cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1 and the corresponding separation factor for CO2 and N2 gas is about 33 at the pressure of 15.2 cmHg. Meanwhile, the blended membrane with water has the better permselectivity. The blended membrane containing water with PEI content of 30 wt% has the permeance of 6.3 × 10−4 cm3 cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1 for CO2 gas and a separation factor of 325 for CO2/N2 mixtures at the same feed pressure. This indicates that the CO2 separation performance of the CMCS/PEI blend membrane is higher than that of other facilitated transport membranes reported for CO2/N2 mixture separation. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST Extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is required for a multitude of physiological and patho-physiological processes. However, the identities of the proteins that ERK phosphorylates to elicit these responses are incompletely known. Using an affinity purification methodology of general utility, here we identify cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain 2 (DYNC1I-2, IC-2) as a novel substrate for ERK following epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation of fibroblasts. IC-2 is a subunit of cytoplasmic dynein, a minus-end directed motor protein necessary for transport of diverse cargos along microtubules. Emerging data support the hypothesis that post-translational modification regulates dynein but the signaling mechanisms used are currently unknown. We find that ERK phosphorylates IC-2 on a novel, highly conserved Serine residue proximal to the binding site for the p150Glued subunit of the cargo adapter dynactin. Surprisingly, neither constitutive phosphorylation nor a phosphomimetic substitution of this Serine influences binding of p150Glued to IC-2. These data suggest that ERK phosphorylation of IC-2 regulates dynein function through mechanisms other than its interaction with dynactin. |
| IJMS, Vol. 14, Pages 3568-3594: Annexin A2: The Importance of Being Redox Sensitive Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important second messenger in cellular signal transduction. H2O2-dependent signalling regulates many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Nevertheless, H2O2 is an oxidant and a major contributor to DNA damage, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, which can ultimately result in cell death and/or tumourigenesis. For this reason, cells have developed complex antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS. Recently, our laboratory identified the protein, annexin A2, as a novel cellular redox regulatory protein. Annexin A2 possesses a reactive cysteine residue (Cys-8) that is readily oxidized by H2O2 and subsequently reduced by the thioredoxin system, thereby enabling annexin A2 to participate in multiple redox cycles. Thus, a single molecule of annexin A2 can inactivate several molecules of H2O2. In this report, we will review the studies detailing the reactivity of annexin A2 thiols and the importance of these reactive cysteine(s) in regulating annexin A2 structure and function. We will also focus on the recent reports that establish novel functions for annexin A2, namely as a protein reductase and as a cellular redox regulatory protein. We will further discuss the importance of annexin A2 redox regulatory function in disease, with a particular focus on tumour progression. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is an important member of the FGF gene family. It is widely used in clinical applications for scald and wound healing in order to stimulate cell proliferation. Further it is applied for inhibiting stem cell differentiation in cultures. Due to a shortage of plasma and low expression levels of recombinant rbFGF in conventional gene expression systems, we explored the production of recombinant rbFGF in rice grains (Oryza sativa bFGF, OsrbFGF). An expression level of up to 185.66 mg/kg in brown rice was obtained. A simple purification protocol was established with final recovery of 4.49% and resulting in a yield of OsrbFGF reaching up to 8.33 mg/kg OsrbFGF. The functional assay of OsrbFGF indicated that the stimulating cell proliferation activity on NIH/3T3 was the same as with commercialized rbFGF. Wound healing in vivo of OsrbFGF is equivalent to commercialized rbFGF. Our results indicate that rice endosperm is capable of expressing small molecular mass proteins, such as bFGF. This again demonstrates that rice endosperm is a promising system to express various biopharmaceutical proteins. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST Phenylpropanoids, particularly flavonoids have been recently suggested as playing primary antioxidant functions in the responses of plants to a wide range of abiotic stresses. Furthermore, flavonoids are effective endogenous regulators of auxin movement, thus behaving as developmental regulators. Flavonoids are capable of controlling the development of individual organs and the whole-plant; and, hence, to contribute to stress-induced morphogenic responses of plants. The significance of flavonoids as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in humans has been recently questioned, based on the observation that the flavonoid concentration in plasma and most tissues is too low to effectively reduce ROS. Instead, flavonoids may play key roles as signaling molecules in mammals, through their ability to interact with a wide range of protein kinases, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), that supersede key steps of cell growth and differentiation. Here we discuss about the relative significance of flavonoids as reducing agents and signaling molecules in plants and humans. We show that structural features conferring ROS-scavenger ability to flavonoids are also required to effectively control developmental processes in eukaryotic cells. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST Polyprenols separated from lipids are promising new components from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBL). In this paper, ginkgo lipids were isolated by extraction with petroleum ether, saponification, and molecular distillation. Eight known compounds: isophytol (1), nerolidol (2), linalool (3), β-sitosterol acetate (4), β-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol (6), ergosterol (7), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8) and Ginkgo biloba polyprenols (GBP) were separated from GBL by chromatography and identified mainly by NMR. The separated and identified compounds 1, 2 and 3 are reported here for the first time in GBL. The 3D-DAD-HPLC-chromatogram (190–232 nm) of GBP was recorded. This study provides new evidence as there are no previous reports on antibacterial/antifungal activities and synergistic interactions between GBP and the compounds separated from GBL lipids against Salmonella enterica, Staphylocococus aureus and Aspergillus niger. Nerolidol (2) showed the highest activity among all the tested samples and of all mixture groups tested the GBP with isophytol (1) mixture had the strongest synergistic effect against Salmonella enterica among the three tested strains. A proportion of isophytol and GBP of 38.19%:61.81% (wt/wt) was determined by mixture design as the optimal proportion for the synergistic effect of GBP with isophytol against Salmonella enterica. |
| Posted: 07 Feb 2013 12:00 AM PST This paper evaluates the concentrations of water- and fat-soluble precursors of meat flavour, with the aim of characterising the effect of species on the volatile profile of grilled goat and lamb meat. Compared to goat, lamb meat had higher levels of saturated fatty acids—SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids—MUFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids—PUFA and similar levels of sugars and free amino acids, except for lysine and glycine, which were higher in goat. Major differences were detected in lipid-derived volatiles; only pyrazine, thiazole, and some Strecker aldehydes were at different concentrations in these species. Volatile compounds derived from the oxidation of linoleic acid were at higher levels in meat from lamb due to the higher concentration of the latter, while compounds formed from α-linolenic acid were at higher levels in goat. It can be concluded that lamb meat has a stronger flavour profile compared to goat meat because it has the highest concentrations of lipid-derived volatile compounds, primarily straight saturated alkanals, pyrazines and thiazole. |
| You are subscribed to email updates from Games To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now. | Email delivery powered by Google |
| Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610 | |
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий